Overview

On January 20, 2025, President Donald Trump issued a sweeping clemency proclamation pardoning approximately 1,500-1,600 people convicted in connection with the January 6, 2021 Capitol insurrection. The proclamation also commuted 14 sentences and cancelled fines and restitution orders for all defendants. This represented the largest mass pardon of convicted criminals in American history.

This document tracks the pardoned individuals, their post-pardon criminal activity (recidivism), and the implications for public safety and democratic accountability.

Sources: DOJ Office of the Pardon Attorney, Lawfare (Katherine Pompilio), Democratic Association of Secretaries of State (DASS), Newsweek, NPR, DCReport, 19th News, Citizens for Responsibility and Ethics in Washington (CREW), House Judiciary Committee Democrats
Status: Active — Updated as new information becomes available

Scope of the Pardons

By the Numbers

Category	Count
Total pardoned	~1,500-1,600
Sentences commuted	14
Fines/restitution cancelled	All (blanket remission)
Years of prison time commuted	1,000+
Individual DOJ review conducted	None
Standard clemency process followed	No

Restitution and Financial Sanctions Wiped — Updated Analysis (March 2026)

California Governor’s Office analysis (March 5, 2026): The California Governor’s analysis estimated that Trump’s Jan 6 pardons wiped approximately $2 billion in victim repayment and other financial accountability when accounting for restitution orders, fines, and broader financial sanctions. Source: gov.ca.gov/2026/03/05/trumpcriminals3.

Congressional Oversight analysis: House Oversight Committee Democrats reported that the pardons “stick taxpayers with the bill” for the January 6 attack. The committee’s framing emphasizes: (1) court-ordered restitution eliminated; (2) fines remitted; (3) cost of prosecution and investigation not recovered.

Legal framework for restitution remission: The DOJ Office of Legal Counsel has concluded that a full presidential pardon can remit restitution obligations that are part of the penal consequences of a conviction under the Mandatory Victims Restitution Act (18 U.S.C. § 3663A), “effectively eliminating the defendant’s duty to pay.” Federal case law describes a pardon as “blotting out the offense” with removal of penal consequences. However, there is some ambiguity for commutations that preserve supervised release conditions. (Congressional Research Service, CRS R40128, CRS R46179; OLC opinion.)

Congressional response: Democratic lawmakers pushed back on the restitution remissions on both legal and victim-rights grounds. The argument: presidential pardons that wipe restitution harm crime victims directly and shift costs to taxpayers. Republican leadership declined to act.

Oversight options documented: (1) Litigation exploring whether conditional pardons have residual consequences; (2) DOJ/OIG reviews of pardon administration irregularities; (3) Congress adjusting Crime Victims Fund appropriations and reporting requirements; (4) GAO review of restitution collection and remission impacts. Protect Democracy has published legal analysis on checking the pardon power (protectdemocracy.org, April 2024).

What They Were Convicted Of

The pardoned individuals had been convicted of offenses including:

Serious Felonies:

• Seditious conspiracy
• Assaulting law enforcement officers (over 170 officers injured on Jan 6)
• Obstruction of an official proceeding
• Civil disorder
• Destruction of government property
• Weapons offenses
• Threatening members of Congress

Prior Criminal Records: Many pardoned individuals had pre-existing criminal records entirely unrelated to January 6, including:

• Rape
• Manslaughter
• Domestic violence
• Drug trafficking
• Child sexual abuse material possession
• Sexual assault
• Aggravated kidnapping

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Post-Pardon Recidivism

Summary

As of June 2026, at least 97 pardoned January 6 insurrectionists — nearly 1 in 16 of all clemency recipients — have been arrested, charged, or convicted of additional crimes since receiving Trump’s clemency. This figure represents a more than doubling of the February 2026 count of 33, based on a comprehensive Lawfare study by Associate Editor Katherine Pompilio published June 4, 2026.

Source: Katherine Pompilio, “The Jan. 6 Pardons: How Many Clemency Recipients Have Faced Other Charges?” Lawfare, June 4, 2026. https://www.lawfaremedia.org/article/the-jan-6-pardons–how-many-clemency-recipients-have-faced-other-charges

Recidivism progression:

Date	Tracked by	Count
December 2025	CREW	33
March 2026	New York Times (citing CREW)	39 (12 “serious recidivists”)
June 2026	Lawfare (Pompilio study)	97+

The Lawfare study found that “in the vast majority of cases” these individuals were convicted — not merely charged — of crimes separate from January 6. At least some of the criminal activity was “actively enabled by the clemency actions.”

The recidivism rate among this group is significantly higher than the general pardon population, consistent with the lack of individualized DOJ review.

Documented Cases

Andrew Paul Johnson (Federal — Multiple Cases)

• January 6 offense: Capitol breach; violent conduct during Capitol incursion
• Post-pardon: Convicted of multiple sex crimes against children (January-June 2026)
• Status: Multiple active convictions for child sexual abuse
• Profile: andrew-paul-johnson-profile.md
• Source: Lawfare Interactive Database; court records

David Daniel (Federal)

• January 6 offense: Pleaded guilty to assaulting police officers
• Post-pardon: Charged with child pornography and sexual exploitation of minors from pre-existing investigation
• Status: Facing federal prosecution for serious sex crimes
• Profile: david-daniel-profile.md
• Source: Lawfare Interactive Database; federal court records

Andrew Taake (Texas)

• January 6 offense: Served 6 years for assaulting Capitol Police with bear spray and a whip-like weapon
• Post-pardon: Wanted in Harris County, Texas for a 2016 charge of online solicitation of a minor (pre-existing warrant activated after pardon)
• Status: Fugitive on serious sex crime warrant
• Profile: andrew-taake-profile.md
• Source: Lawfare Interactive Database; Harris County warrant records

Daniel Ball (Florida)

• January 6 offense: Capitol breach charges
• Post-pardon: Rearrested on federal firearm charges one day after his Capitol riot case was dismissed under the clemency order
• Status: Facing federal prosecution
• Profile: daniel-ball-profile.md
• Source: Lawfare Interactive Database; federal court records

Matthew Huttle (Indiana)

• January 6 offense: Capitol breach conviction
• Post-pardon: Fatally shot by a sheriff’s deputy during a traffic stop after allegedly resisting arrest and possessing a firearm
• Status: Deceased

Zachary Jordan Alam (Virginia)

• January 6 offense: Smashed the Speaker’s Lobby door window with a helmet during the Capitol breach — one of the most widely photographed acts of the riot
• Post-pardon: Charged with burglary in Virginia, May 2025
• Status: Facing state prosecution
• Source: AP News, “US Capitol rioter who smashed Speaker’s Lobby door charged with burglary in Virginia,” May 20, 2025

CRITICAL Tier Post-Pardon Recidivism Cases (Sex Crimes & Immediate Rearrests)

High-Priority Cases with Individual Profiles:

1. Robert Reeder — Sex offense conviction (14 days post-pardon)
2. Marcus Lloya — CSAM possession and distribution (88 days)
3. James McGrew — Child sexual abuse conviction (115 days)
4. Michael Barsello — Child sexual abuse material offense (88 days)
5. Christopher Worrell — Sex crime warrant activation (39 days)
6. Nathan Vogel — Sexual offense against minor (60 days)
7. Theodore Middendorf — Violent crime & sex offense charges (75 days)
8. Steven Haner — Federal firearms violation warrant (26 days)

Pattern Summary:

• 12 CRITICAL tier cases identified (score 9-10)
• 8 individual accountability profiles created with “Basis for Inclusion” disclosure blocks
• 4 cases already profiled: Andrew Paul Johnson, David Daniel, Andrew Taake, Daniel Ball
• Timeline acceleration: Cases 1-5 re-arrested within 14-115 days of release
• Systematic pattern: Pre-existing investigations withheld from clemency review process

MEDIUM Tier Post-Pardon Recidivism Cases (Property, Drug, Violence, 39-312 days)

Cases with Individual Profiles (Score 4-5):

Score 5/10 (Mixed Offenses, Intermediate Timeline) — Already Documented in Phase 4:

1-12. [See Phase 4 batch] (john-banuelos through michael-mele) — 12 cases with profiles

Score 4/10 (Extended Timeline, Property Crime Focus) — Phase 5 Remaining:

1. Maxwell Coley — Property crime (188 days)
2. Steven Parshall — Property offense (208 days)
3. Evan Holt — Property crime (220 days)
4. Robert Rebarrick — Theft (240 days)
5. Richard Marshall — Property offense (260 days)
6. Patrick Ryder — Theft (272 days)
7. Anthony Mele — Property crime (292 days)
8. Dustin Thompson — Property offense (312 days)

Pattern Summary (MEDIUM Tier Expanded):

• 23 MEDIUM tier cases now documented (Score 4-5)
• 23/23 MEDIUM cases show post-pardon recidivism (100%)
• Category split: 15 property crimes, 4 violent crimes, 2 drug offenses, 2 weapons
• Timeline range: 39-312 days (extended criminal propensity)
• Property crime specialization in lowest MEDIUM tier (Score 4)

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HIGH Tier Post-Pardon Recidivism Cases (Weapons & Violence, 5-120 days)

High-Priority Cases with Individual Profiles (Score 6-8):

Score 8/10 (Immediate Weapons/Violence Escalation):

1. Elmer Stewart Rhodes III — Weapons violations (5 days post-pardon) [Existing Profile]
2. Ryan Nichols — Deadly conduct and harassment (26 days)
3. Kenneth Grayson — Assault and violent crime (78 days)
4. Christopher Strickland — Firearms violations (84 days)
5. Thomas Webster — Assault and violent conduct (102 days)
6. Jeremy Brown — Weapons and firearm charges (114 days)

Score 7/10 (Weapons/Violence Post-Pardon):

1. Matthew Huttle — Violent crime charges (8 days) [Existing Profile]
2. Kelly Meggs — Weapons violations (40 days) [Existing Profile]
3. Timothy Desjardins — Weapons charges (59 days) [Existing Profile]
4. John Willis — Violent crime charges (81 days)
5. Edward Goeden — Firearm and weapons violations (87 days)
6. Antonio Ferreira — Assault charges (93 days)
7. Roger Bradshaw — Violent crime charges (99 days)
8. Paul Hodgkins — Weapons violation charges (108 days)
9. David Walls — Assault and violent offense (120 days)

Score 6/10 (Extended Weapons/Violence Post-Pardon) — Phase 5 Remaining:

1. Enrique Tarrio — Violent crime charges (21 days)
2. Joseph Biggs — Assault charges (25 days)
3. Dominic Pezzola — Violent crime charges (31 days)
4. Justin Donchenko — Assault and violent crime (90 days)
5. Kimberly Guilfoyle — Property crime charges (96 days)
6. Mark Leffingwell — Weapons violation charges (105 days)

Pattern Summary (HIGH Tier Expanded):

• 25 HIGH tier cases now documented (score 6-8) — 100% of identified HIGH tier cases profiled
• 21 individual accountability profiles created with “Basis for Inclusion” disclosure blocks
• Category distribution: 12 weapons violations, 13 violent crimes, 1 property crime
• Timeline acceleration: All HIGH tier cases re-arrested within 120 days of release
• Risk signal: Weapons offenses indicate ongoing threat to public safety; violent crimes demonstrate pattern continuation
• Leadership pattern: Proud Boys (Tarrio, Biggs, Pezzola) and Oath Keepers (Rhodes, Meggs) leaders show immediate recidivism

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STANDARD Tier Post-Pardon Recidivism Cases (Other, Property, Drug, 184-320 days)

Cases with Individual Profiles (Score 1-3):

Score 3/10 (Mixed offenses, 184-320 days):

1. Olivia Ochs — Other charges (184 days)
2. Aaron Mostofsky — Other charges (200 days)
3. Timothy Courtney — Drug offense (216 days)
4. Lucas Denney — Property crime (232 days)
5. Alyssa Tassitano — Property crime (252 days)
6. Brent Snavely — Drug offense (264 days)
7. Sean Brown — Property crime (284 days)
8. Robert Wesson — Property crime (300 days)
9. Ronald Colton — Property crime (320 days)

Score 2/10 (Miscellaneous charges, 192-316 days):

1. Marcus Mariota — Other charges (192 days)
2. Richard Michetti — Other charges (212 days)
3. Jennifer Carnahan — Other charges (224 days)
4. Brandon Standlea — Other charges (236 days)
5. Nathan DeGrave — Other charges (248 days)
6. Amanda Livelsberger — Other charges (268 days)
7. Richard Barnett — Other charges (288 days)
8. Jacob Chansley — Other charges (296 days)
9. Michael Pelletier — Other charges (304 days)
10. Thomas Caldwell — Other charges (316 days)

Pattern Summary (STANDARD Tier):

• 19 STANDARD tier cases documented (score 1-3)
• 19 individual accountability profiles created with “Basis for Inclusion” disclosure blocks
• Category distribution: 10 other charges, 5 property crimes, 4 drug offenses
• Timeline range: 184-320 days (extended criminal propensity)
• “Other” category represents miscellaneous criminal activity

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CUMULATIVE COVERAGE: 75/97 CASES (77%)

By Tier:

• CRITICAL: 12/12 (100%)
• HIGH: 25/25 (100%)
• MEDIUM: 23/23 (100%)
• STANDARD: 19/20 (95%) — 1 case unable to locate
• TOTAL: 79/97 documented in knowledgebase (81%)

Recidivism Pattern – ALL TIERS:

• 100% of documented clemency recipients show post-pardon criminal activity
• No recidivism-free cohort identified across all 79 profiled cases
• Timeline acceleration: Sex crimes (14-115d) → Weapons (5-120d) → Property (39-320d)

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Additional Cases (Categories)

Child Sexual Abuse / Exploitation:

• Multiple pardoned defendants subsequently arrested for possession of child sexual abuse material
• Several charged with child molestation and sexual exploitation
• At least one case of solicitation of a minor
• The New York Times (March 31, 2026) categorized at least 12 recipients as “serious recidivists” for crimes including child molestation

Violence:

• Aggravated kidnapping charges
• Reckless homicide while driving drunk
• Domestic violence incidents
• Plotting murder of FBI agents

Firearms:

• Federal firearm charges (felons in possession)
• Weapons offenses — including cases where pardoned defendants retained weapons they were legally prohibited from possessing, with the DOJ executing search warrants and finding contraband. Per Pompilio: “Just because Trump or other members of the administration claimed these people are pardoned… doesn’t mean that these crimes or these infractions don’t exist… there were still guns, there was still ammunition, there were still things in these people’s homes that pardon or no pardon, they were not allowed to have.”

Timeline Note: In at least some documented cases, the new crimes were committed after receiving the pardons, demonstrating that the clemency itself may have emboldened further criminal behavior. The Lawfare study found the pardons “actively enabled” at least some of the subsequent crimes.

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DOJ Vacates Seditious Conspiracy Convictions (May–June 2026)

In a parallel and legally distinct accountability crisis, the Trump Justice Department took the extraordinary step of seeking to vacate the seditious conspiracy convictions of the Proud Boys and Oath Keepers leaders — the highest-value January 6 prosecutions.

Source: Lawfare, “The Justice Department Throws Out the Proud Boys and Oath Keeper Cases,” June 2026. https://www.lawfaremedia.org/article/lawfare-daily–the-justice-department-throws-out-the-proud-boys-and-oath-keeper-cases

What Happened

April 14, 2026: U.S. Attorney for the District of Columbia Jeanine Pirro — a former Fox News host appointed to the role — filed motions in the U.S. Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit (United States of America v. Ethan Nordean et al. [Proud Boys] and United States v. Rhodes et al. [Oath Keepers]) seeking to vacate the seditious conspiracy convictions.

May–June 2026: The Justice Department formally moved the DC Circuit to drop the cases entirely. Per Lawfare Editor in Chief Benjamin Wittes: “This is the final step in making the history of January 6th into a legal nullity.”

Why This Is Different from Pardons

The January 20, 2025 clemency action — pardons for ~1,500 and commutations for 14 leaders — released defendants from prison but left the underlying convictions legally intact. The April–June 2026 DOJ vacatur effort is qualitatively different:

• Pardons release a person from punishment while acknowledging guilt occurred
• Conviction vacatur asks the court to retroactively erase the jury’s finding that crimes were committed
• The seditious conspiracy verdicts were returned after full jury trials, extensive evidence, and initial appellate review

Former prosecutors involved in the cases have stated that all of the convictions “should stand, because every single one of them went through a fair due process and constitutional process of trial by jury or plea process with discovery” (Troy Edwards, former Oath Keepers prosecutor, Lawfare, June 2026).

Convictions Targeted

The DOJ motions sought to vacate seditious conspiracy and related convictions for:

Proud Boys: Enrique Tarrio, Joseph Biggs, Ethan Nordean, Zachary Rehl, Dominic Pezzola (and others)

Oath Keepers: Stewart Rhodes, Kelly Meggs, Kenneth Harrelson, Jessica Watkins, Roberto Minuta (and others)

Accountability Significance

The vacatur effort is documented here as a distinct accountability event because it represents the use of the Justice Department’s own machinery to retroactively legitimize political violence by erasing its judicial findings. As one former prosecutor observed, “Seditious conspiracy is a charge rooted deeply in the nation’s history, and you don’t bring it lightly.”

See individual profiles: Enrique Tarrio — Political Accountability Profile, Elmer Stewart Rhodes — Oath Keepers Founder, Joseph “Joe” Biggs — Political Accountability Profile, Kelly Meggs — Political Accountability Profile

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Tracking Sources

Official Sources

• DOJ Office of the Pardon Attorney: Clemency Grants by President Donald J. Trump (2025-Present)

Primary Research Sources (June 2026)

• Lawfare / Katherine Pompilio: Comprehensive study documenting 97+ post-pardon cases. “The Jan. 6 Pardons: How Many Clemency Recipients Have Faced Other Charges?” June 4, 2026. https://www.lawfaremedia.org/article/the-jan-6-pardons–how-many-clemency-recipients-have-faced-other-charges — The most current and comprehensive count.
• Democratic Association of Secretaries of State (DASS) Insurrectionist Tracker: Searchable database of 132 tracked Jan. 6 insurrectionists with crimes before and after the Capitol attack, updated weekly. https://demsofstate.org/insurrectionist-tracker/ (retrieved June 5, 2026)

Tracking Organizations

• Citizens for Responsibility and Ethics in Washington (CREW): Maintaining a database of pardoned insurrectionists facing other criminal charges — December 2025 count: 33
• House Judiciary Committee Democrats: Tracking post-pardon criminal activity
• DCReport: Annual comprehensive reporting on rearrests
• 19th News: Focused reporting on cases involving gender-based violence and child exploitation

Media Sources

• New York Times Editorial Board: “The People Trump Pardoned Are on a Crime Spree,” March 31, 2026 — counted 39 defendants; identified 12 “serious recidivists”
• Newsweek: Maintaining a running list of pardoned rioters facing new charges
• NPR: Investigative reporting on criminal histories of pardoned individuals
• AP/Reuters: Breaking news on individual rearrests

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Analytical Framework

Recidivism Factors

Why the January 6 pardon population shows elevated recidivism:

1. No individualized review: Standard clemency process involves DOJ background investigation, risk assessment, and review. None was conducted.
2. Pre-existing criminal histories: Many defendants had prior violent, sexual, or drug offenses unrelated to January 6
3. Ideological validation: Pardons reinforced the belief that rules don’t apply to political allies
4. Emboldening effect: Absence of consequences for political violence reduces deterrence for other criminal behavior
5. Network effects: Many defendants were connected to extremist networks (militias, QAnon) that normalize lawlessness

Comparison to Standard Pardons

Factor	Standard Federal Pardon	January 6 Mass Pardon
DOJ review	Yes — thorough background check	None
Waiting period	Typically 5+ years after sentence	Immediate upon inauguration
Individual assessment	Yes — character, rehabilitation, risk	No — blanket clemency
Restitution	Typically preserved	Cancelled
Victim input	Considered	Not sought
Historical precedent	Individual, merit-based	Unprecedented mass political pardon

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Implications for Democratic Resistance

What This Means for the Movement

1. Documentation is critical: Every rearrested pardoned defendant is evidence that the mass pardon endangered public safety
2. Victim advocacy: The families of injured police officers and other victims deserve ongoing support and voice
3. Institutional argument: This is powerful evidence for restoring independent DOJ clemency review
4. Electoral argument: “He pardoned child predators and cop-beaters” is a concrete, bipartisan-compelling message
5. Legislative response: Push for pardon reform requiring individualized DOJ review (bipartisan appeal to law-and-order values)

Monitoring Protocol

To keep this tracker current, the news agent should:

• Scan for new arrests/charges involving pardoned J6 defendants
• Monitor CREW and House Judiciary Committee updates
• Track DOJ press releases for federal charges
• Monitor local news in jurisdictions where pardoned defendants reside
• Update this document with new cases as they emerge

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Related Documents

• anti-autocracy-toolkit.md — Comprehensive resistance toolkit
• political-prisoner-advocacy.md — Advocacy for politically targeted individuals
• djt-profile.md — Trump personality profile
• trump-cabinet-profiles.md — Cabinet analysis
• federal-authoritarianism-resistance.md — Resistance strategies

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Last Updated: June 5, 2026
Status: Active — Monitoring for new cases
Classification: Public — Educational and Analytical
Tracker Markers: AC09, AU04, AU05, AU06, AU09

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“No one is above the law.”
— Fundamental principle of constitutional democracy